When building .NET applications, developers often encounter choices between different command-line tools designed to manage the build process: `dotnet` and `MSBuild`. Both serve essential purposes in the .NET ecosystem, yet they come with distinct functionalities and use cases. Understanding the differences and appropriate applications of these tools can greatly enhance productivity and streamline development workflows.

Dotnet CLI (`dotnet`)

The `dotnet` command-line interface (CLI) is a versatile tool that consolidates multiple functionalities under a single command. It is part of the .NET Core SDK, designed to work across multiple platforms including Windows, Linux, and macOS. The following are some key aspects of `dotnet`:

Characteristics of `dotnet`

• Cross-Platform: As part of the .NET Core, `dotnet` is inherently cross-platform, supporting development operations on various operating systems.
• Unified CLI: `dotnet` acts as a facilitator for a variety of .NET-related tasks, such as project creation, package management, and, of course, building applications.
• SDKs and Runtimes: The CLI is responsible for managing multiple SDKs and runtimes, enabling building with different versions of .NET as required by the project.

Building with `dotnet`

When you invoke `dotnet build`, it executes a build process that abstracts some complexities of MSBuild, tailored for .NET projects, especially those targeting .NET Core and .NET 5+. Here's a simple example of using `dotnet`:

• Simplicity and Ease of Use: Efficient for quick tasks where simplicity is needed.
• Better Support for .NET Core: Ideal for projects using newer .NET iterations.
• Consistent Experience: Provides a consistent development experience regardless of the underlying platform.
• Windows-Centric: Although it has been open-sourced and now works on Unix-based systems, MSBuild traditionally catered to Windows environments.
• XML-Based Project Files: Projects are defined via XML files, which provide fine control over every aspect of the build process.
• Extensibility: Highly extensible via custom tasks and properties, making it suitable for large-scale enterprise applications.
• Fine-Grained Control: Offers detailed control over the build process and customization, ideal for complex needs.
• Integration with Visual Studio: Seamless integration, making it suitable for developers working predominantly in this IDE.
• Rich Ecosystem: Supported by a multitude of community plugins and extensions, enhancing its capability.
• Use `dotnet`:
  • When developing cross-platform applications.
  • For simple to moderately complex projects.
  • If you prioritize ease of use and simplicity, especially for modern .NET applications.
• Use MSBuild:
  • For complex enterprise-grade applications needing extensive customizations.
  • If deep integration with Windows tooling and applications is required.
  • When maintaining legacy .NET Framework projects.