Architect a geo-distributed Caching Engine

Last updated: November 15, 2025

Quick Overview

Design a geo-distributed caching system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

Coinbase
System Design
Software Engineer
Coinbase
November 15, 2025
Software Engineer
Technical Screen
System Design
Medium

34

6

363 solved


Design a geo-distributed caching system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

System design interviews at Coinbase typically last 45-60 minutes. You are expected to drive the conversation, starting from requirements gathering through to a detailed architecture. The interviewer will evaluate your ability to handle ambiguity and make practical engineering decisions.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Systematically gather requirements and estimate capacity (QPS, storage, bandwidth)
  • Design a scalable architecture with clear component responsibilities
  • Make well-reasoned database and caching decisions with trade-off analysis
  • Address consistency vs availability trade-offs specific to the use case
  • Discuss partitioning strategy, replication, and data modeling
  • Cover failure handling, monitoring, and alerting strategies
Key Topics to Cover
Partitioning and sharding strategies
Message queues and async processing
High-level architecture and component design
Load balancing and horizontal scaling
How to Approach This
  1. Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
  2. Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
  3. Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
  4. Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
  5. Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What would the deployment pipeline look like for this system?
  • How do you ensure data consistency across multiple services?
  • What monitoring and alerting would you set up on day one?
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Sample Answer
Requirements

Functional Requirements

  1. Geo-Distribution: The caching engine must support multiple geographical regions to minimize latency for users.
  2. Cache Management: Ability to store, update, and...
Capacity Estimation

Back-of-Envelope Calculations

  1. User Base: Assume Coinbase has 100 million active users.
  2. Request Rate: If each user generates 1 cache request per minute, that results in:
    • 100 mill...

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