Build a real-time A/B Testing Pipeline
Last updated: October 3, 2025
Quick Overview
Design a real-time a/b testing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
SpaceX
October 3, 202528
12
3,189 solved
Design a real-time a/b testing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
This is a common system design question asked during Technical Screen at SpaceX. The interviewer expects you to demonstrate your ability to design large-scale distributed systems, make well-reasoned trade-offs, and communicate your thought process clearly. SpaceX values engineers who can think about scalability from day one.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Drive the design discussion proactively with minimal interviewer guidance
- Perform detailed capacity estimation and use it to inform design decisions
- Design for global scale with multi-region deployment and data consistency
- Deep dive into 2-3 critical components with implementation-level detail
- Address complex trade-offs: CAP theorem, eventual consistency, conflict resolution
- Discuss operational excellence: deployment strategy, chaos engineering, SLOs/SLIs
- Propose a phased rollout plan from MVP to full-scale system
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- What happens if one of your database nodes goes down?
- How would you handle schema migrations with zero downtime?
- How would you handle a region-wide outage?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements:
- Experiment Creation: Users should be able to create, configure, and manage A/B tests via a web interface.
- Real-time Data Collection: The system must collect ...
Capacity Estimation
Estimation:
- User Requests: Assume 10 million daily requests, averaging 115 requests per second.
- Data Points: Each A/B test records 10 data points per user interaction. For 10 million r...
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