Build a real-time Image Processing Pipeline
Last updated: December 10, 2025
Quick Overview
Design a real-time image processing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
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Design a real-time image processing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
This is a common system design question asked during System Design Round at LinkedIn. The interviewer expects you to demonstrate your ability to design large-scale distributed systems, make well-reasoned trade-offs, and communicate your thought process clearly. LinkedIn values engineers who can think about scalability from day one.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Clearly define functional and non-functional requirements
- Propose a reasonable high-level architecture with core components
- Choose appropriate data storage solutions with basic justification
- Discuss basic scaling strategies (horizontal scaling, caching)
- Identify potential bottlenecks and suggest simple solutions
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- What monitoring and alerting would you set up on day one?
- How would you handle schema migrations with zero downtime?
- What happens if one of your database nodes goes down?
- How would you handle a 10x increase in traffic overnight?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Image Upload: Users should be able to upload images in various formats (JPEG, PNG, etc.) to the system.
- Real-Time Processing: Images should be processed in real...
Capacity Estimation
Assuming LinkedIn has around 900 million users, and estimating that 5% upload images daily:
- Daily Image Uploads: 900 million * 0.05 = 45 million images.
- Average Image Size: Each image is ...
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