Calculate conditional probability for click-through rates

Last updated: September 3, 2025

Quick Overview

Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the p-value.

Citadel
Analytics & Experimentation
Data Scientist
Citadel
September 3, 2025
Data Scientist
Technical Screen
Analytics & Experimentation
Medium

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0

4,214 solved


Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the p-value.

Analytics questions at Citadel evaluate your ability to define metrics, design experiments, and derive actionable insights from data. This Technical Screen question tests your end-to-end analytical thinking.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Design a rigorous experiment with proper randomization and sample size calculation
  • Define primary and guardrail metrics with clear rationale
  • Address novelty effects, network effects, and interference
  • Segment results appropriately and identify heterogeneous treatment effects
  • Propose follow-up analyses when results are ambiguous
Key Topics to Cover
Guardrail metrics
Sample size and power calculation
Funnel analysis and cohort analysis
Metric definition and success criteria
Long-term vs short-term metrics
Segmentation and heterogeneous effects
How to Approach This
  1. Define success metrics carefully. A good metric is measurable, actionable, and aligned with business goals.
  2. Run experiments long enough to account for novelty effects and weekly seasonality.
  3. Use funnel analysis to identify where users drop off for maximum optimization impact.
  4. Segment results by key dimensions (platform, country, user cohort) to catch hidden patterns.
  5. Consider network effects and interference between treatment and control groups.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What would you do if a stakeholder wants to end the experiment early because initial results look good?
  • What if the experiment shows a positive short-term effect but you suspect a negative long-term impact?
  • How would you handle an experiment where the control and treatment groups are different sizes?
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