Calculate expected value for user retention

Last updated: September 15, 2025

Quick Overview

Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the sample size needed.

Google
Analytics & Experimentation
Data Scientist
Google
September 15, 2025
Data Scientist
Phone Screen
Analytics & Experimentation
Medium

535

6

3,055 solved


Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the sample size needed.

Google asks this during the Phone Screen to assess your experimentation skills. They want to see how you define success metrics, design controlled experiments, and interpret results with appropriate statistical rigor.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Design a rigorous experiment with proper randomization and sample size calculation
  • Define primary and guardrail metrics with clear rationale
  • Address novelty effects, network effects, and interference
  • Segment results appropriately and identify heterogeneous treatment effects
  • Propose follow-up analyses when results are ambiguous
Key Topics to Cover
A/B testing methodology
Sample size and power calculation
Guardrail metrics
Novelty and primacy effects
Simpson's paradox and ecological fallacy
How to Approach This
  1. Define success metrics carefully. A good metric is measurable, actionable, and aligned with business goals.
  2. Run experiments long enough to account for novelty effects and weekly seasonality.
  3. Use funnel analysis to identify where users drop off for maximum optimization impact.
  4. Segment results by key dimensions (platform, country, user cohort) to catch hidden patterns.
  5. Consider network effects and interference between treatment and control groups.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What would you do if a stakeholder wants to end the experiment early because initial results look good?
  • What if the experiment shows a positive short-term effect but you suspect a negative long-term impact?
  • How would you handle seasonality in your experiment?
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