Calculate probability for user retention

Last updated: December 15, 2025

Quick Overview

Given the following scenario about user conversion, calculate the the p-value.

Amazon
Analytics & Experimentation
Product Manager
Amazon
December 15, 2025
Product Manager
Technical Screen
Analytics & Experimentation
Medium

112

8

1,858 solved


Given the following scenario about user conversion, calculate the the p-value.

Amazon asks this during the Technical Screen to assess your experimentation skills. They want to see how you define success metrics, design controlled experiments, and interpret results with appropriate statistical rigor.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Design a rigorous experiment with proper randomization and sample size calculation
  • Define primary and guardrail metrics with clear rationale
  • Address novelty effects, network effects, and interference
  • Segment results appropriately and identify heterogeneous treatment effects
  • Propose follow-up analyses when results are ambiguous
Key Topics to Cover
Sample size and power calculation
Segmentation and heterogeneous effects
Guardrail metrics
Simpson's paradox and ecological fallacy
A/B testing methodology
Novelty and primacy effects
How to Approach This
  1. Define success metrics carefully. A good metric is measurable, actionable, and aligned with business goals.
  2. Run experiments long enough to account for novelty effects and weekly seasonality.
  3. Use funnel analysis to identify where users drop off for maximum optimization impact.
  4. Segment results by key dimensions (platform, country, user cohort) to catch hidden patterns.
  5. Consider network effects and interference between treatment and control groups.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What would you do if a stakeholder wants to end the experiment early because initial results look good?
  • What if you discover a bug in the logging during the experiment?
  • How would you handle an experiment where the control and treatment groups are different sizes?
  • What if the experiment shows a positive short-term effect but you suspect a negative long-term impact?
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