Calculate variance for coin flips

Last updated: April 22, 2026

Quick Overview

Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the p-value.

HubSpot
Analytics & Experimentation
Product Manager
HubSpot
April 22, 2026
Product Manager
Phone Screen
Analytics & Experimentation
Medium

12

6

1,178 solved


Given the following scenario about revenue per session, calculate the the p-value.

HubSpot asks this during the Phone Screen to assess your experimentation skills. They want to see how you define success metrics, design controlled experiments, and interpret results with appropriate statistical rigor.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Design a rigorous experiment with proper randomization and sample size calculation
  • Define primary and guardrail metrics with clear rationale
  • Address novelty effects, network effects, and interference
  • Segment results appropriately and identify heterogeneous treatment effects
  • Propose follow-up analyses when results are ambiguous
Key Topics to Cover
Network effects and interference
Funnel analysis and cohort analysis
A/B testing methodology
Guardrail metrics
Sample size and power calculation
How to Approach This
  1. Define success metrics carefully. A good metric is measurable, actionable, and aligned with business goals.
  2. Run experiments long enough to account for novelty effects and weekly seasonality.
  3. Use funnel analysis to identify where users drop off for maximum optimization impact.
  4. Segment results by key dimensions (platform, country, user cohort) to catch hidden patterns.
  5. Consider network effects and interference between treatment and control groups.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What if the experiment shows a positive short-term effect but you suspect a negative long-term impact?
  • What would you do if a stakeholder wants to end the experiment early because initial results look good?
  • What if you discover a bug in the logging during the experiment?
  • How would you handle seasonality in your experiment?
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