Design a Authentication for Grafana Labs
Last updated: July 10, 2025
Quick Overview
Design a real-time authentication system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Grafana Labs
July 10, 202550
13
1,340 solved
Design a real-time authentication system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
This is a common system design question asked during Technical Screen at Grafana Labs. The interviewer expects you to demonstrate your ability to design large-scale distributed systems, make well-reasoned trade-offs, and communicate your thought process clearly. Grafana Labs values engineers who can think about scalability from day one.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Drive the design discussion proactively with minimal interviewer guidance
- Perform detailed capacity estimation and use it to inform design decisions
- Design for global scale with multi-region deployment and data consistency
- Deep dive into 2-3 critical components with implementation-level detail
- Address complex trade-offs: CAP theorem, eventual consistency, conflict resolution
- Discuss operational excellence: deployment strategy, chaos engineering, SLOs/SLIs
- Propose a phased rollout plan from MVP to full-scale system
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- How would you implement rate limiting to protect the system?
- How do you ensure data consistency across multiple services?
- How would you handle a region-wide outage?
- How would you handle a 10x increase in traffic overnight?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements
- User Registration: Users must be able to register with email/password and OAuth providers (Google, GitHub, etc.).
- Authentication: Provide login functionality ...
Capacity Estimation
Assuming Grafana Labs has approximately 10 million users:
- Daily Active Users (DAU): 3 million users, with peak usage during business hours.
- Requests per User: Average of 5 authentication r...
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