Design a Authentication Service
Last updated: May 22, 2026
Quick Overview
Design a multi-tenant authentication system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Anduril
May 22, 202680
7
3,244 solved
Design a multi-tenant authentication system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
ML system design at Anduril goes beyond model selection. This Onsite question evaluates your ability to design end-to-end ML pipelines, from data collection to model serving, while considering production constraints like latency and reliability.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Define clear ML objectives with appropriate loss functions and metrics
- Design a comprehensive feature engineering pipeline
- Discuss model selection with trade-offs (complexity vs interpretability vs latency)
- Plan online and offline evaluation strategies including A/B testing
- Address serving infrastructure: batch vs real-time, latency requirements
- Consider data quality, labeling strategy, and feedback loops
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- How would you handle the cold start problem?
- What would you do if model performance degrades over time?
- What is your model retraining strategy?
- How would you handle a 10x increase in prediction requests?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements
- User Registration: Support registration for multiple tenants with validation and verification.
- User Authentication: Implement login/logout functionality with ...
Capacity Estimation
Assuming Anduril has around 1 million users across various tenants, with an average of 10 authentication requests per user per day:
- Total Requests per Day: 1,000,000 users * 10 requests/user = 1...
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