Design a distributed Load Balancing System
Last updated: June 4, 2026
Quick Overview
Design a distributed load balancing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Grafana Labs
June 4, 202644
14
2,230 solved
Design a distributed load balancing system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
System design interviews at Grafana Labs typically last 45-60 minutes. You are expected to drive the conversation, starting from requirements gathering through to a detailed architecture. The interviewer will evaluate your ability to handle ambiguity and make practical engineering decisions.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Drive the design discussion proactively with minimal interviewer guidance
- Perform detailed capacity estimation and use it to inform design decisions
- Design for global scale with multi-region deployment and data consistency
- Deep dive into 2-3 critical components with implementation-level detail
- Address complex trade-offs: CAP theorem, eventual consistency, conflict resolution
- Discuss operational excellence: deployment strategy, chaos engineering, SLOs/SLIs
- Propose a phased rollout plan from MVP to full-scale system
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- What happens if one of your database nodes goes down?
- How would you handle schema migrations with zero downtime?
- What would the deployment pipeline look like for this system?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements:
- Request Routing: The system must intelligently route incoming requests to the appropriate backend services based on load, health, and geographic location.
- **Heal...
Capacity Estimation
To estimate capacity, we’ll assume:
- Daily Active Users (DAU): 10 million users
- Average Requests per User: 100 requests/day
- Total Requests: 10 million users * 100 requests = 1 billion...
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