Design a large-scale Video Streaming Platform

Last updated: September 24, 2025

Quick Overview

Design a real-time video streaming system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

Grafana Labs
System Design
Software Engineer
Grafana Labs
September 24, 2025
Software Engineer
Onsite
System Design
Easy

39

12

3,224 solved


Design a real-time video streaming system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

Grafana Labs asks this during the Onsite to assess your understanding of the full ML lifecycle. They want to see how you translate a business problem into an ML objective, design the feature pipeline, and plan for model monitoring and retraining.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Map the business problem to a concrete ML objective
  • Propose reasonable features and a baseline model
  • Discuss basic model evaluation metrics
  • Outline a simple serving architecture
Key Topics to Cover
Model selection and architecture
Model serving and latency optimization
A/B testing and experimentation
Monitoring and model degradation detection
How to Approach This
  1. Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
  2. Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
  3. Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
  4. Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
  5. Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What is your model retraining strategy?
  • How would you handle the cold start problem?
  • How would you handle a 10x increase in prediction requests?
  • How would you debug a model that works well offline but poorly online?
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Sample Answer
Requirements

Functional Requirements

  1. User Authentication: Users must be able to create accounts, log in, and manage their profiles.
  2. Video Streaming: Users can stream live and recorded videos with...
Capacity Estimation

To estimate capacity, let’s assume:

  • User Base: 10 million active users.
  • Concurrent Streams: 1 million concurrent users during peak times.
  • Video Quality: Average bitrate of 4 Mbps for...

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