Design a Logging Service
Last updated: May 3, 2026
Quick Overview
Design a distributed logging system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Elastic
May 3, 2026232
6
3,087 solved
Design a distributed logging system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
This ML system design question from Elastic's Onsite tests your ability to think about ML systems at scale. The interviewer expects discussion of data quality, feature stores, model serving infrastructure, and A/B testing strategy.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Design the full ML lifecycle from data collection to model monitoring
- Address cold start, exploration/exploitation, and model freshness
- Discuss multi-objective optimization and ranking systems
- Plan for model debugging, fairness, and bias mitigation
- Design the feature store and training pipeline for scale
- Address model versioning, canary deployments, and rollback strategies
- Discuss the data flywheel and long-term system evolution
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- How would you debug a model that works well offline but poorly online?
- How would you handle a 10x increase in prediction requests?
- How would you handle the cold start problem?
- How would you ensure fairness and reduce bias in the model?
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Requirements Clarification
Before diving into the architecture, clarify the scope with the interviewer. For Logging Service, key functional requirements include: what are the co...
Capacity Estimation
Estimate the scale to drive design decisions. Assume 100M DAU with an average of 10 actions per user per day = 1B requests/day ~ 12K QPS average, ~36K...
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