Design a scalable Video Streaming System
Last updated: November 20, 2025
Quick Overview
Design a scalable video streaming system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Microsoft
November 20, 202539
14
1,303 solved
Design a scalable video streaming system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
System design interviews at Microsoft typically last 45-60 minutes. You are expected to drive the conversation, starting from requirements gathering through to a detailed architecture. The interviewer will evaluate your ability to handle ambiguity and make practical engineering decisions.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Clearly define functional and non-functional requirements
- Propose a reasonable high-level architecture with core components
- Choose appropriate data storage solutions with basic justification
- Discuss basic scaling strategies (horizontal scaling, caching)
- Identify potential bottlenecks and suggest simple solutions
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- How do you ensure data consistency across multiple services?
- What would the deployment pipeline look like for this system?
- What happens if one of your database nodes goes down?
- How would you handle a region-wide outage?
Practice a Similar Problem on Codemia
Solve a related problem with our interactive workspace, get AI feedback, and view detailed solutions.
Solve on CodemiaSample Answer
Requirements
Functional Requirements:
- User Authentication: Users must be able to create accounts, log in, and manage profiles.
- Video Uploading: Users can upload videos in various formats and reso...
Capacity Estimation
Assuming Microsoft targets a user base of 100 million users:
- Daily Active Users (DAU): 10% = 10 million users
- Concurrent Users: Peak concurrent users at 10% of DAU = 1 million users
- **Vi...
Submit Your Answer
