Design Logging Infrastructure for IoT devices
Last updated: April 7, 2026
Quick Overview
Design a event-driven logging system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
Salesforce
April 7, 202611
5
3,186 solved
Design a event-driven logging system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.
ML system design at Salesforce goes beyond model selection. This Technical Screen question evaluates your ability to design end-to-end ML pipelines, from data collection to model serving, while considering production constraints like latency and reliability.
What the Interviewer Expects
- Design the full ML lifecycle from data collection to model monitoring
- Address cold start, exploration/exploitation, and model freshness
- Discuss multi-objective optimization and ranking systems
- Plan for model debugging, fairness, and bias mitigation
- Design the feature store and training pipeline for scale
- Address model versioning, canary deployments, and rollback strategies
- Discuss the data flywheel and long-term system evolution
Key Topics to Cover
How to Approach This
- Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
- Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
- Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
- Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
- Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
- How would you run A/B tests on different model versions?
- How would you debug a model that works well offline but poorly online?
- How would you ensure fairness and reduce bias in the model?
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Requirements
Functional Requirements
- Event Ingestion: The system must handle logging events from millions of IoT devices in real-time. Each event should include device ID, timestamp, and event type.
- ...
Capacity Estimation
Assuming Salesforce expects to handle logs from 10 million IoT devices, with each device sending an event every 10 seconds:
- Total Events per Second: [ \frac{10,000,000 \text{ devices}}{10 \t...
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