Design Search Infrastructure for mobile apps

Last updated: April 26, 2026

Quick Overview

Design a low-latency search system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

Airbnb
System Design
Software Engineer
Airbnb
April 26, 2026
Software Engineer
Technical Screen
System Design
Easy

137

12

508 solved


Design a low-latency search system that handles millions of requests. Discuss trade-offs in consistency, availability, and performance.

Airbnb asks this during the Technical Screen to assess your architectural thinking. They want to see how you decompose a complex problem, choose appropriate technologies, and reason about failure modes. Strong candidates proactively discuss monitoring, alerting, and operational concerns.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Clearly define functional and non-functional requirements
  • Propose a reasonable high-level architecture with core components
  • Choose appropriate data storage solutions with basic justification
  • Discuss basic scaling strategies (horizontal scaling, caching)
  • Identify potential bottlenecks and suggest simple solutions
Key Topics to Cover
Failure handling and fault tolerance
Security and authentication
Requirements gathering and capacity estimation
High-level architecture and component design
How to Approach This
  1. Start by clarifying functional and non-functional requirements with the interviewer.
  2. Estimate the scale: QPS, storage, bandwidth. This drives your design decisions.
  3. Draw a high-level architecture first, then deep dive into 1-2 critical components.
  4. Discuss trade-offs explicitly (e.g., consistency vs availability, SQL vs NoSQL).
  5. Address failure scenarios, monitoring, and how the system handles 10x traffic spikes.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What happens if one of your database nodes goes down?
  • What would the deployment pipeline look like for this system?
  • How would you migrate from a monolithic to a microservices architecture?
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Sample Answer
Requirements

Functional Requirements

  1. Search Listings: Users should be able to search for listings based on location, date, price range, and amenities.
  2. Autocomplete Suggestions: As users type in t...
Capacity Estimation

Back-of-Envelope Calculations

  • Daily Search Queries: Assuming 10 million search queries per day, that's approximately 115 queries per second (10,000,000 / 86,400 seconds).
  • Data Size: If...

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