Explain difference-in-differences with an example

Last updated: July 27, 2025

Quick Overview

Explain difference-in-differences in simple terms and provide a concrete example.

Grubhub
Analytics & Experimentation
Data Scientist
Grubhub
July 27, 2025
Data Scientist
Technical Screen
Analytics & Experimentation
Medium

2

2

1,627 solved


Explain difference-in-differences in simple terms and provide a concrete example.

Analytics questions at Grubhub evaluate your ability to define metrics, design experiments, and derive actionable insights from data. This Technical Screen question tests your end-to-end analytical thinking.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Design a rigorous experiment with proper randomization and sample size calculation
  • Define primary and guardrail metrics with clear rationale
  • Address novelty effects, network effects, and interference
  • Segment results appropriately and identify heterogeneous treatment effects
  • Propose follow-up analyses when results are ambiguous
Key Topics to Cover
Simpson's paradox and ecological fallacy
Network effects and interference
Segmentation and heterogeneous effects
Funnel analysis and cohort analysis
How to Approach This
  1. Define success metrics carefully. A good metric is measurable, actionable, and aligned with business goals.
  2. Run experiments long enough to account for novelty effects and weekly seasonality.
  3. Use funnel analysis to identify where users drop off for maximum optimization impact.
  4. Segment results by key dimensions (platform, country, user cohort) to catch hidden patterns.
  5. Consider network effects and interference between treatment and control groups.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What would you do if a stakeholder wants to end the experiment early because initial results look good?
  • How would you handle seasonality in your experiment?
  • What if the experiment shows a positive short-term effect but you suspect a negative long-term impact?
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