Implement linear regression from scratch

Last updated: October 23, 2025

Quick Overview

Write a clean implementation of k-means without using ML libraries.

Notion
Machine Learning
Data Scientist
Notion
October 23, 2025
Data Scientist
Phone Screen
Machine Learning
Easy

8

10

242 solved


Write a clean implementation of k-means without using ML libraries.

This ML question from Notion's Phone Screen goes beyond textbook definitions. The interviewer wants to see how you reason about model selection, evaluation metrics, and the practical challenges of deploying ML in production.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Explain the concept clearly with intuitive examples
  • Discuss when and why to use this technique
  • Identify common pitfalls and how to avoid them
  • Compare with alternative approaches at a high level
Key Topics to Cover
Feature importance and selection
Bias-variance trade-off
Supervised vs unsupervised learning
Cross-validation and model evaluation
Gradient descent and optimization
How to Approach This
  1. Understand the bias-variance trade-off. High training accuracy but low test accuracy signals overfitting.
  2. Choose evaluation metrics carefully based on the problem. Accuracy alone is often insufficient.
  3. Feature engineering is often more impactful than model selection.
  4. Know when to use tree-based models (tabular data) vs neural networks (unstructured data).
  5. Handle class imbalance with SMOTE, class weights, or appropriate loss functions.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • What regularization technique would you use and why?
  • How would you handle a highly imbalanced dataset?
  • How would you detect and handle concept drift?
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Sample Answer
Core Concept Explanation

Start with a clear, intuitive explanation of the concept. Use analogies when helpful. Then go deeper into the mathematical foundations: **Key Intuiti...

Practical Application

**When to use**: Describe the scenarios where this technique is most effective. What data characteristics favor it? **When NOT to use**: Common pitfa...


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