Implement Stack with with follow-up

Last updated: February 2, 2026

Quick Overview

Implement a Bloom Filter data structure that supports push, pop, and peek operations in O(n) time.

Visa
Coding & Algorithms
Machine Learning Engineer
Visa
February 2, 2026
Machine Learning Engineer
Technical Screen
Coding & Algorithms
Medium

10

3

2,285 solved


Implement a Bloom Filter data structure that supports push, pop, and peek operations in O(n) time.

Visa uses this problem in the Technical Screen to evaluate your algorithmic thinking. They expect you to discuss multiple approaches, analyze trade-offs between them, and implement the optimal solution with clean, readable code.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Recognize the underlying problem pattern (sliding window, two pointers, BFS/DFS, etc.)
  • Discuss multiple approaches and trade-offs before coding
  • Implement an optimal solution with clean, production-quality code
  • Handle all edge cases including boundary conditions and invalid input
  • Optimize both time and space complexity with clear justification
  • Test your solution systematically with well-chosen examples
Key Topics to Cover
Sorting and searching
Edge cases and input validation
Common algorithm patterns (sliding window, two pointers, BFS/DFS)
Binary search and divide and conquer
How to Approach This
  1. Clarify input constraints and edge cases before writing code.
  2. Walk through your approach verbally and confirm with the interviewer before coding.
  3. Start with a brute force solution, then optimize. Mention time and space complexity.
  4. Test your solution with examples, including edge cases like empty input or duplicates.
  5. Consider common patterns: sliding window, two pointers, hash map, BFS/DFS, dynamic programming.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • How would you test this solution thoroughly?
  • Can you solve this iteratively instead of recursively (or vice versa)?
  • Can you solve this in a single pass?
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