Write a query to find DAU/MAU ratio from sessions

Last updated: December 2, 2025

Quick Overview

Write a SQL query to calculate DAU/MAU ratio from the sessions table, considering nulls and duplicates.

Elastic
Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
Data Scientist
Elastic
December 2, 2025
Data Scientist
Technical Screen
Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
Medium

10

5

895 solved


Write a SQL query to calculate DAU/MAU ratio from the sessions table, considering nulls and duplicates.

This question from Elastic's Technical Screen tests practical data skills. The interviewer wants to see clean, efficient queries that handle edge cases like NULLs, duplicates, and large datasets.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Use advanced SQL features: window functions, CTEs, subqueries
  • Write efficient queries that avoid common performance pitfalls
  • Handle complex data transformations with multiple joins and aggregations
  • Discuss indexing strategy and query optimization
  • Address data quality issues: duplicates, missing values, outliers
Key Topics to Cover
Pandas vectorized operations and groupby
Index optimization and query performance
JOIN types and when to use each
Date/time manipulation
Subqueries and correlated subqueries
How to Approach This
  1. Clarify the schema and expected output format before writing queries.
  2. Use CTEs (WITH clauses) to break complex queries into readable steps.
  3. Consider window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, LEAD) for ranking and sequential analysis.
  4. Watch for NULLs, duplicates, and edge cases in JOINs and GROUP BY.
  5. For pandas, prefer vectorized operations over row-by-row iteration.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • How would you validate the correctness of your query results?
  • How would you handle slowly changing dimensions in this scenario?
  • How would you handle this if the data was spread across multiple databases?
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Sample Answer
Problem Understanding

The goal is to calculate the Daily Active Users (DAU) and Monthly Active Users (MAU) from the sessions table. DAU is defined as the number of unique users who have sessions on a given day, while MAU...

Approach
  1. Identify Unique Users: First, we need to extract unique user IDs per day and per month from the sessions table.
  2. Calculate DAU: Use a GROUP BY clause on the date to get the number of ...

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