Write a query to find time to first action from messages

Last updated: August 9, 2025

Quick Overview

Write a SQL query to calculate time to first action from the messages table, considering nulls and duplicates.

Anduril
Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
Data Scientist
Anduril
August 9, 2025
Data Scientist
Technical Screen
Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
Medium

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4,518 solved


Write a SQL query to calculate time to first action from the messages table, considering nulls and duplicates.

This question from Anduril's Technical Screen tests practical data skills. The interviewer wants to see clean, efficient queries that handle edge cases like NULLs, duplicates, and large datasets.

What the Interviewer Expects
  • Use advanced SQL features: window functions, CTEs, subqueries
  • Write efficient queries that avoid common performance pitfalls
  • Handle complex data transformations with multiple joins and aggregations
  • Discuss indexing strategy and query optimization
  • Address data quality issues: duplicates, missing values, outliers
Key Topics to Cover
NULL handling and COALESCE
Pandas vectorized operations and groupby
Data cleaning and transformation
Index optimization and query performance
Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
How to Approach This
  1. Clarify the schema and expected output format before writing queries.
  2. Use CTEs (WITH clauses) to break complex queries into readable steps.
  3. Consider window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, LEAD) for ranking and sequential analysis.
  4. Watch for NULLs, duplicates, and edge cases in JOINs and GROUP BY.
  5. For pandas, prefer vectorized operations over row-by-row iteration.
Possible Follow-up Questions
  • How would you handle this if the data was spread across multiple databases?
  • How would you validate the correctness of your query results?
  • What would you do if this query needs to run every 5 minutes?
  • How would you handle slowly changing dimensions in this scenario?
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