My Solution for Design a Hotel Booking System with Score

by nectar4678

Requirements

The hotel booking system will serve as a platform for users to search for and book hotel rooms. Key features include:

  • Search and Availability Management: Users can search for hotels based on location, date range, room type, and price range. Availability checks will ensure accurate search results.
  • Conflict-Free Booking: Implement robust mechanisms to avoid double bookings and handle concurrent booking requests.
  • Cancellation Policies: Cancellations will include logic for policies (e.g., non-refundable, partially refundable) and fee calculations.
  • Payment Processing: Payments will include detailed statuses (Pending, Failed, Completed) and manage refunds for cancellations.
  • User Roles and Permissions: Differentiate access and actions for customers, admins, and hotel managers. Implement authentication and role-based authorization.
  • Dynamic Seasonal Pricing: Seasonal pricing updates will be triggered dynamically based on predefined rules or sudden demand changes.
  • User-Friendly Experience: Provide a dashboard for users to view booking history, current reservations, and cancellation options.
  • Scalability and Concurrency: Ensure the system supports high traffic and concurrent operations without degradation in performance.


Define Core Objects

The system's main objects include:

  • User: Represents the customer with booking and cancellation functionalities.
  • Admin: Manages hotels, rooms, bookings, and seasonal pricing.
  • HotelManager: Oversees room inventory and hotel-specific settings.
  • Room: Represents a room in a hotel with attributes like type, price, and availability schedule.
  • Booking: Represents a reservation, including booking status and associated policies.
  • Payment: Manages detailed payment statuses and refunds.
  • SeasonalPricing: Implements dynamic pricing based on triggers or events.



Analyze Relationships

  • A User makes multiple Bookings, and each Booking is associated with a single Room.
  • Admins can manage all objects in the system, while HotelManagers manage specific hotels and their rooms.
  • Payments are tied to Bookings, with updates based on booking or cancellation policies.
  • SeasonalPricing dynamically modifies the Room price based on triggers.


Establish Hierarchy

To promote code reuse and flexibility:

  • A User makes multiple Bookings, and each Booking is associated with a single Room.
  • Admins can manage all objects in the system, while HotelManagers manage specific hotels and their rooms.
  • Payments are tied to Bookings, with updates based on booking or cancellation policies.
  • SeasonalPricing dynamically modifies the Room price based on triggers.




Design Patterns

  • Singleton Pattern: Ensure a single instance of admin settings and configurations.
  • Factory Pattern: Create dynamic room instances based on user input.
  • Observer Pattern: Notify users about booking changes or price updates.
  • Strategy Pattern: Handle dynamic pricing and cancellation policy logic.


Define Class Members (write code)

class User: def __init__(self, user_id, name, email): self.user_id = user_id self.name = name self.email = email self.bookings = [] def search_rooms(self, location, check_in, check_out, room_type): # Placeholder for searching logic available_rooms = RoomManager.get_available_rooms(location, check_in, check_out, room_type) return available_rooms def make_booking(self, room, check_in, check_out): if room.is_available(check_in, check_out): booking = Booking(self, room, check_in, check_out) self.bookings.append(booking) room.mark_unavailable(check_in, check_out) return booking else: raise Exception("Room is unavailable for the selected dates.") def cancel_booking(self, booking_id): booking = next((b for b in self.bookings if b.booking_id == booking_id), None) if booking: if booking.policy.allows_cancellation(): booking.cancel() return f"Booking {booking_id} has been cancelled." else: raise Exception("Cancellation policy does not allow cancellation.") class Room: def __init__(self, room_id, room_type, price, availability_calendar): self.room_id = room_id self.room_type = room_type self.price = price self.availability_calendar = availability_calendar # Dictionary with dates and availability status def is_available(self, check_in, check_out): return all(self.availability_calendar.get(date, False) for date in range(check_in, check_out)) def mark_unavailable(self, check_in, check_out): for date in range(check_in, check_out): self.availability_calendar[date] = False class Booking: def __init__(self, user, room, check_in, check_out): self.booking_id = generate_unique_id() self.user = user self.room = room self.check_in = check_in self.check_out = check_out self.status = "Confirmed" self.policy = CancellationPolicy() self.payment = Payment(self) def cancel(self): self.status = "Cancelled" self.payment.process_refund() class Payment: def __init__(self, booking): self.payment_id = generate_unique_id() self.amount = booking.room.price * (booking.check_out - booking.check_in) self.status = "Pending" def process_payment(self, method): # Payment logic goes here self.status = "Completed" def process_refund(self): # Refund logic self.status = "Refunded" class SeasonalPricing: def __init__(self, season, multiplier): self.season = season self.multiplier = multiplier def calculate_price(self, base_price): return base_price * self.multiplier class CancellationPolicy: def allows_cancellation(self): # Logic for checking refundability return True



Adhere to SOLID Guidelines

  • Conflict-Free Booking: The is_available and mark_unavailable methods prevent double booking.
  • Cancellations: The CancellationPolicy class handles refund and cancellation rules.
  • Payment Processing: Enhanced with detailed statuses and refund logic.
  • Extensibility: Additional user roles and dynamic room subclasses allow scaling.
  • Concurrency: A RoomManager can implement thread-safe operations to handle concurrent booking requests.



Consider Scalability and Flexibility

The design can handle growth by:

  • Introducing caching for search results to improve performance.
  • Implementing load balancing for high traffic.
  • Expanding payment gateways or adding loyalty programs.
  • Allowing hotels to manage their own room inventory and pricing.




Create/Explain your diagram(s)

Here’s a simple class diagram for the system:


Future improvements

  • AI-Based Personalization: Recommend hotels based on user preferences and past behavior.
  • Regional Pricing Rules: Adjust seasonal pricing dynamically based on geographic demand trends.
  • Integrated Customer Support: Add support chat for real-time issue resolution.
  • Concurrency Optimization: Use distributed systems for availability checks and booking operations.
  • Enhanced Admin Tools: Provide dashboards for analytics and system health monitoring.