My Solution for Design a Hotel Booking System with Score
by nectar4678
Requirements
The hotel booking system will serve as a platform for users to search for and book hotel rooms. Key features include:
- Search and Availability Management: Users can search for hotels based on location, date range, room type, and price range. Availability checks will ensure accurate search results.
- Conflict-Free Booking: Implement robust mechanisms to avoid double bookings and handle concurrent booking requests.
- Cancellation Policies: Cancellations will include logic for policies (e.g., non-refundable, partially refundable) and fee calculations.
- Payment Processing: Payments will include detailed statuses (
Pending
,Failed
,Completed
) and manage refunds for cancellations. - User Roles and Permissions: Differentiate access and actions for customers, admins, and hotel managers. Implement authentication and role-based authorization.
- Dynamic Seasonal Pricing: Seasonal pricing updates will be triggered dynamically based on predefined rules or sudden demand changes.
- User-Friendly Experience: Provide a dashboard for users to view booking history, current reservations, and cancellation options.
- Scalability and Concurrency: Ensure the system supports high traffic and concurrent operations without degradation in performance.
Define Core Objects
The system's main objects include:
- User: Represents the customer with booking and cancellation functionalities.
- Admin: Manages hotels, rooms, bookings, and seasonal pricing.
- HotelManager: Oversees room inventory and hotel-specific settings.
- Room: Represents a room in a hotel with attributes like type, price, and availability schedule.
- Booking: Represents a reservation, including booking status and associated policies.
- Payment: Manages detailed payment statuses and refunds.
- SeasonalPricing: Implements dynamic pricing based on triggers or events.
Analyze Relationships
- A User makes multiple Bookings, and each Booking is associated with a single Room.
- Admins can manage all objects in the system, while HotelManagers manage specific hotels and their rooms.
- Payments are tied to Bookings, with updates based on booking or cancellation policies.
- SeasonalPricing dynamically modifies the Room price based on triggers.
Establish Hierarchy
To promote code reuse and flexibility:
- A User makes multiple Bookings, and each Booking is associated with a single Room.
- Admins can manage all objects in the system, while HotelManagers manage specific hotels and their rooms.
- Payments are tied to Bookings, with updates based on booking or cancellation policies.
- SeasonalPricing dynamically modifies the Room price based on triggers.
Design Patterns
- Singleton Pattern: Ensure a single instance of admin settings and configurations.
- Factory Pattern: Create dynamic room instances based on user input.
- Observer Pattern: Notify users about booking changes or price updates.
- Strategy Pattern: Handle dynamic pricing and cancellation policy logic.
Define Class Members (write code)
class User:
def __init__(self, user_id, name, email):
self.user_id = user_id
self.name = name
self.email = email
self.bookings = []
def search_rooms(self, location, check_in, check_out, room_type):
# Placeholder for searching logic
available_rooms = RoomManager.get_available_rooms(location, check_in, check_out, room_type)
return available_rooms
def make_booking(self, room, check_in, check_out):
if room.is_available(check_in, check_out):
booking = Booking(self, room, check_in, check_out)
self.bookings.append(booking)
room.mark_unavailable(check_in, check_out)
return booking
else:
raise Exception("Room is unavailable for the selected dates.")
def cancel_booking(self, booking_id):
booking = next((b for b in self.bookings if b.booking_id == booking_id), None)
if booking:
if booking.policy.allows_cancellation():
booking.cancel()
return f"Booking {booking_id} has been cancelled."
else:
raise Exception("Cancellation policy does not allow cancellation.")
class Room:
def __init__(self, room_id, room_type, price, availability_calendar):
self.room_id = room_id
self.room_type = room_type
self.price = price
self.availability_calendar = availability_calendar # Dictionary with dates and availability status
def is_available(self, check_in, check_out):
return all(self.availability_calendar.get(date, False) for date in range(check_in, check_out))
def mark_unavailable(self, check_in, check_out):
for date in range(check_in, check_out):
self.availability_calendar[date] = False
class Booking:
def __init__(self, user, room, check_in, check_out):
self.booking_id = generate_unique_id()
self.user = user
self.room = room
self.check_in = check_in
self.check_out = check_out
self.status = "Confirmed"
self.policy = CancellationPolicy()
self.payment = Payment(self)
def cancel(self):
self.status = "Cancelled"
self.payment.process_refund()
class Payment:
def __init__(self, booking):
self.payment_id = generate_unique_id()
self.amount = booking.room.price * (booking.check_out - booking.check_in)
self.status = "Pending"
def process_payment(self, method):
# Payment logic goes here
self.status = "Completed"
def process_refund(self):
# Refund logic
self.status = "Refunded"
class SeasonalPricing:
def __init__(self, season, multiplier):
self.season = season
self.multiplier = multiplier
def calculate_price(self, base_price):
return base_price * self.multiplier
class CancellationPolicy:
def allows_cancellation(self):
# Logic for checking refundability
return True
Adhere to SOLID Guidelines
- Conflict-Free Booking: The
is_available
andmark_unavailable
methods prevent double booking. - Cancellations: The
CancellationPolicy
class handles refund and cancellation rules. - Payment Processing: Enhanced with detailed statuses and refund logic.
- Extensibility: Additional user roles and dynamic room subclasses allow scaling.
- Concurrency: A
RoomManager
can implement thread-safe operations to handle concurrent booking requests.
Consider Scalability and Flexibility
The design can handle growth by:
- Introducing caching for search results to improve performance.
- Implementing load balancing for high traffic.
- Expanding payment gateways or adding loyalty programs.
- Allowing hotels to manage their own room inventory and pricing.
Create/Explain your diagram(s)
Here’s a simple class diagram for the system:
Future improvements
- AI-Based Personalization: Recommend hotels based on user preferences and past behavior.
- Regional Pricing Rules: Adjust seasonal pricing dynamically based on geographic demand trends.
- Integrated Customer Support: Add support chat for real-time issue resolution.
- Concurrency Optimization: Use distributed systems for availability checks and booking operations.
- Enhanced Admin Tools: Provide dashboards for analytics and system health monitoring.