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User gives long url and get the short url version (etc. /3A3FB). when other users click the short url, they'll redirected to original url. url shortener will have 2 options: free and premium. free -> max 10 url shortening and short url expires in 7 days, premium -> up to 1000 url shortening and url expires in 1 year and custom alias. authentication is must. analytics page will be show for url creators.
List the key non-functional requirements (performance, scalability, reliability, etc.)...
Estimate the scale of the system. Consider daily active users, read/write ratio, storage requirements, bandwidth, and any relevant QPS calculations...
Define the APIs expected from the system. This is your chance to analyze and define the read and write paths so that you can come up with the high-level design...
Describe the overall system architecture. Identify the main components needed to solve the problem end-to-end. Use the diagramming tool to create a block diagram.
Define the data model. Identify the main entities, their attributes, and relationships. Consider the choice of database type (SQL vs NoSQL) and justify your decision based on access patterns...
Deep dive into 2-3 key components. Explain how they work, how they scale, discuss tradeoffs, capacity, and any relevant algorithms or data structures.