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post endpoint that usr sends url to be shorten, return confirmation (200) and object which contains short url, date time of creation, and expiration date
system require a database, application to with endpoints connected to the database, and a frontend web browser application/website where user can provide url which will be shorten, servers for host backend and frontend,
Deep dive into 2-3 key components. Explain how they work, how they scale, discuss tradeoffs, capacity, and any relevant algorithms or data structures.