System requirements

Functional:

Given the URL we need to create a ShortURL for the user

Non-Functional:

1. availability over consistent
2. available in mutiple regions
3. low latency

Capacity estimation

200 write / seconds and 20,000 read / second.

API design

Two api's

1. object createURL(url) - create the short url and saves into the database
2. string getURL(url) - get the url from the server

Database design

any NoSQL database will work and also we need a cache for commensing such high load.

High-level design

Request flows

Explain how the request flows from end to end in your high level design. Also you could draw a sequence diagram using the diagramming tool to enhance your explanation...

Detailed component design

Dig deeper into 2-3 components and explain in detail how they work. For example, how well does each component scale? Any relevant algorithm or data structure you like to use for a component? Also you could draw a diagram using the diagramming tool to enhance your design...

Trade offs/Tech choices

Explain any trade offs you have made and why you made certain tech choices...

Failure scenarios/bottlenecks

Try to discuss as many failure scenarios/bottlenecks as possible.

Future improvements

What are some future improvements you would make? How would you mitigate the failure scenario(s) you described above?