Daily Active Users (DAU)

For a URL shortening service, you might expect a varying number of users. For our estimate:

DAU Estimation: Let's assume you expect around 1 million users daily interacting with the service.

Activity Levels

Each user on average generates about 2 short URL requests per day.
Each user will likely redirect through their short URLs approximately 10 times a day.

Requests Estimation

Based on the above assumptions:

Total Short URL Creation Requests per Day:
- (1,000,000 \text{ users} \times 2 \text{ requests/user} = 2,000,000 \text{ requests/day})
Total Redirect Requests per Day:
- (1,000,000 \text{ users} \times 10 \text{ redirects/user} = 10,000,000 \text{ redirects/day})

Data Storage Estimation

Data Model

Let's assume each entry for a shortened URL includes:

Short URL (8 characters)
Long URL (average of 100 characters)
Created time (timestamp)
User ID (for tracking, average of 20 characters)
Expiration time (optional, average of 8 bytes)

The total size for one mapping might look something like this:

Short URL: 8 bytes
Long URL: 100 bytes
Created Time: 8 bytes
User ID: 20 bytes
Expiration Time: 8 bytes
Total Size per Entry:
- Approximately 144 bytes (rounding up for simplicity, let’s say around 256 bytes for overhead, indexing, etc.)

Total Storage Requirement

Short URL Storage Needs:
- Daily: (2,000,000 \text{ entries} \times 256 \text{ bytes} = 512 \text{ MB})
- Assuming continuous growth, in a year:
  - (512 \text{ MB/day} \times 365 \text{ days} = 186,880 \text{ MB} \approx 182 \text{ GB})
Redirect Storage Needs:
- Each redirect won’t require new storage but will reference existing records. For high throughput, we would want to account for rapid access through caching and databases.

Now, rounding up for growth and redundancy, you might plan for about 200 GB to 500 GB of data storage in the first year, depending on how aggressively you believe users will use the service.

Summary

You might design your application under the assumption that:

Daily Active Users: ~1 million.
New Short URLs per Day: ~2 million.
Storage: ~200 GB to 500 GB including growth.

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