System requirements

URL Shortening:
The system should provide a mechanism to shorten long URLs.
Shortened URLs should be unique and not collide with existing ones.
Redirection:
When users access a shortened URL, they should be redirected to the original long URL.
The redirection process should be fast and seamless.
Custom Alias:
Users should have the option to customize their short URLs with a chosen alias (if available).
Alias should be unique across the system.
Expiration:
Provide an option for users to set an expiration date for their short URLs.
The link will by default expire after a certain period if no expiration date is set.
API:
Offer a RESTful API to allow integration with other services and applications.
API should support URL shortening, retrieval, and analytics retrieval.

Scalability:
The system should handle a large number of URL shortening requests and clicks.
Scalability should be achieved through horizontal scaling.
Performance:
The redirection process should be fast, with minimal latency.
Ensure that the system can handle concurrent access without performance degradation.
Reliability:
The service should be highly available and have minimal downtime.
Implement mechanisms for fault tolerance and disaster recovery.
Storage:
Efficiently store and retrieve a large number of short URLs and their associated data.
Use reliable and scalable storage solutions.
Backup and Recovery:
Regularly backup data to prevent data loss.
Implement a recovery process to restore data in case of failures.
Security:
Implement security measures to prevent misuse and unauthorized access to short URLs.
Support HTTPS for secure data transmission.